Anthrax is not a new disease. It has been known for many years and has affected various parts of the world, including Nigeria.
The Federal Government of Nigeria yesterday, Monday 17th July 2023, confirmed one case of Anthrax disease in a mixed livestock farm in Niger State.
This is the first animal case to be reported in Nigeria since the beginning of the West Africa outbreak in Ghana in June 2023.
The apex government said further investigation was also ongoing to trace the source of the infection and to identify the spread to other farms and humans.
It noted that the risk assessment conducted by the human health sector showed that the likelihood of an outbreak of anthrax disease in the country is high, adding that the potential impact of the disease on humans is high.
Here are some important information about anthrax:
What is Anthrax?
Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It primarily affects animals but can also be transmitted to humans. The spores of the bacterium can survive in the environment for long periods.
Symptoms:
People may experience:
Pain areas: in the chest or muscles
Skin: blister, dark scab, small bump, or ulcers
Whole body: fever or malaise
Respiratory: respiratory distress or shortness of breath
Also common: cough, headache, itching, nausea, sore throat, or swollen lymph nodes
Modes of Transmission:
Anthrax can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or their products, such as meat, hides, and wool. It can also be contracted by inhaling or ingesting spores or through contact with contaminated soil.
Types of Anthrax: There are three main types of anthrax:
a. Cutaneous Anthrax: This is the most common form and occurs when the bacterium enters the body through a break in the skin, causing a localized skin infection.b. Inhalation Anthrax: This form results from breathing in anthrax spores. It is the most severe and potentially fatal type.c. Gastrointestinal Anthrax: This type occurs after consuming contaminated meat or other animal products. It affects the digestive system.
Symptoms: The symptoms of anthrax depend on the type of infection.a. Cutaneous Anthrax: It typically presents as a painless skin ulcer with a black center surrounded by swelling. There may also be fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes.b. Inhalation Anthrax: Initially, symptoms resemble a common cold but progress rapidly to severe breathing difficulties, chest pain, high fever, and shock.
c. Gastrointestinal Anthrax: Symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting of blood, severe abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Treatment: Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or penicillin. Early treatment is crucial for a better prognosis. Prevention : Vaccination is an effective way to prevent anthrax in both animals and humans. Proper handling and disposal of animal carcasses, as well as avoiding contact with infected animals or their products, are important preventive measures.
It’s worth noting that while anthrax can cause serious illness and even death if left untreated, it is a relatively rare disease in humans, and outbreaks are sporadic. If you suspect anthrax infection, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Local health authorities in Nigeria can provide specific guidelines and information on managing and preventing anthrax outbreaks in the country.